AMR
EN · Autonomous Mobile Robot
Robot that can navigate and plan missions in its environment, within system limitations.
ROBOTICS TERMINOLOGY
Glossary and dictionary.
Robotics terminology in English.
Search robotics acronyms and technical terms: English definitions, practical explanations and topic filters.
AGV
EN · Automated Guided Vehicle
Industrial vehicle guided along defined or configured routes.
ROI
EN · Return on Investment
Economic indicator relating a benefit or return to the capital invested.
KPI
EN · Key Performance Indicator
Measure used to verify achievement of an objective.
EOAT
EN · End-of-Arm Tooling
Gripper, suction cup, tool or other device attached to the robot wrist.
SLAM
EN · Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Technique for estimating position and building or updating a map.
LiDAR
EN · Light Detection and Ranging
Distance sensor based on the emission and reception of laser light.
CNC
EN · Computer Numerical Control
Programmed control of machine tools.
SCARA
EN · Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm
Manipulator architecture commonly used for assembly operations.
API
EN · Application Programming Interface
Rules and functions enabling different software systems to communicate.
EN · Portable Document Format
Digital document format.
ISO
EN · International Organization for Standardization
International organisation that publishes technical standards.
IEC
EN · International Electrotechnical Commission
Electrotechnical standardisation body.
UNI
EN · Italian National Standards Body
Italy's national standardisation body; UNI is not an English acronym.
EN
EN · European Norm
Abbreviation used for European standards; not to be confused with EN as a language code.
CE
EN · European conformity marking
Regulated marking indicating conformity with applicable requirements; it is not a quality mark.
EU
EN · European Union
Supranational organisation, abbreviated EU in English.
TS
EN · Technical Specification
A type of technical standards document.
AI
EN · Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Technologies that perform tasks associated with artificial intelligence.
AI
EN · Artificial Intelligence
English acronym for artificial intelligence.
RFI
EN · Request for Information
Preliminary document addressed to suppliers.
RFQ
EN · Request for Quotation
Structured request for a commercial quotation.
ERP
EN · Enterprise Resource Planning
Software for business processes and data.
GDPR
EN · General Data Protection Regulation
EU Regulation 2016/679 on the protection of personal data.
IP
EN · Ingress Protection (in the context of enclosure ratings)
Classification of protection against dust and water; IP can have other meanings in computing.
SSL
EN · Secure Sockets Layer
Term still used colloquially for HTTPS; the modern protocol is TLS.
PHP
EN · PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
Server-side scripting language.
HTML
EN · HyperText Markup Language
Structural language for web pages.
CSS
EN · Cascading Style Sheets
Language for styling web pages.
ROS
EN · Robot Operating System
A collection of libraries and tools for robotics applications.
NFC
EN · Near Field Communication
Short-range wireless communication technology.
QR
EN · Quick Response
A type of two-dimensional code.
Industrial robot
EN · Industrial robot
Programmable manipulator used for industrial automation tasks.
Robotic arm
EN · Robotic arm
Articulated or kinematic system that positions a tool or object in space.
Collaborative robot
EN · Collaborative robot
Robot suitable for collaborative applications designed with specific safety measures.
Collaborative robot (cobot)
EN · Collaborative robot (cobot)
Common term for a robot designed for collaborative applications; safety depends on the complete application.
Mobile manipulator
EN · Mobile manipulator
System combining a mobile base with a manipulation device.
End effector
EN · End effector
Device mounted at the end of a manipulator, such as a gripper or tool.
Robotic gripper
EN · Robotic gripper
Device that grasps and holds parts during operations.
Vacuum gripping
EN · Vacuum gripping
Gripping technique using suction cups and a pressure difference.
Payload
EN · Payload
Permissible mass handled by the robot under stated conditions; includes tooling and the workpiece where relevant.
Reach
EN · Reach
Extent reachable by a manipulator, to be verified along the actual trajectory.
Repeatability
EN · Repeatability
Ability to repeat a position or performance under specified test conditions.
Accuracy
EN · Accuracy
Closeness of an obtained value to a reference value; distinct from repeatability.
Cycle time
EN · Cycle time
Time required to complete a defined operating sequence.
Availability
EN · Availability
Proportion of time during which the system is available to perform its intended service.
Productivity
EN · Productivity
Ratio of outcomes achieved to resources used in a process.
Payback period
EN · Payback period
Time required to recover the investment through the economic flows considered.
Total cost of ownership
EN · Total cost of ownership
All lifecycle costs: purchase, integration, operation and maintenance.
Feasibility study
EN · Feasibility study
Preliminary analysis of a project's requirements, constraints, risks, benefits and costs.
Pilot test
EN · Pilot test
Controlled trial in an operating scenario to verify assumptions and performance.
Functional requirement
EN · Functional requirement
Function or behaviour that the system must provide.
Technical specifications
EN · Technical specifications
Documented description of required characteristics, performance and constraints.
System integration
EN · System integration
Connection and coordination of components, software, machines and infrastructure.
Autonomous navigation
EN · Autonomous navigation
A mobile system's ability to reach destinations using localisation, planning and control.
Localization
EN · Localization
Estimation of robot position relative to a map or reference.
Mapping
EN · Mapping
Creation or updating of a representation of the environment.
Path planning
EN · Path planning
Search for a route compatible with geometric and operating constraints.
Path replanning
EN · Path replanning
Calculation of an alternative route when conditions or constraints change.
Obstacle avoidance
EN · Obstacle avoidance
Strategies for detecting and responding to obstacles; may include stopping and detouring.
Fleet management
EN · Fleet management
Coordination of missions, priorities and traffic for multiple mobile robots.
Inertial navigation
EN · Inertial navigation
Motion estimation using inertial sensors, often integrated with other systems.
Machine vision
EN · Machine vision
Image capture and processing for detection, measurement or guidance.
Safety sensor
EN · Safety sensor
Device used in a designed and verified protective function.
Emergency stop
EN · Emergency stop
Stop function that can be activated in a hazardous situation; it does not replace other protective measures.
Protective stop
EN · Protective stop
Stop triggered by a protective function according to the system's safety logic.
Risk assessment
EN · Risk assessment
Process of identifying hazards and assessing risks, including the definition of risk-reduction measures.
Residual risk
EN · Residual risk
Risk remaining after risk-reduction measures are applied.
Interlocking guard
EN · Interlocking guard
Physical guard associated with a function that monitors access and operating conditions.
Safety distance
EN · Safety distance
Separation required to restrict access to a hazard under the design conditions.
CE marking
EN · CE marking
Regulated marking relating to conformity with the EU requirements applicable to the product.
Preventive maintenance
EN · Preventive maintenance
Scheduled activities to reduce the likelihood of failures or performance degradation.
Commissioning
EN · Commissioning
Configuration, verification and commissioning of a system in its operating environment.
Validation
EN · Validation
Documented confirmation that a system meets the requirements for its intended use.
Acceptance testing
EN · Acceptance testing
Agreed verification of performance and requirements before acceptance.
Human-machine interface
EN · Human-machine interface
System through which operators view information and issue commands.
Digital twin
EN · Digital twin
Digital representation linked to a real asset or process, according to its purpose and degree of integration.
Simulation
EN · Simulation
Model of a system's behaviour used for analysis or virtual experimentation.
Remote control
EN · Remote control
Control or supervision of a system from a remote location.
Telemetry
EN · Telemetry
Collection and transmission of data on system status or performance.
Interoperability
EN · Interoperability
Ability of different systems to exchange and use information in a coordinated way.
Cybersecurity
EN · Cybersecurity
Protection of systems and data from unauthorised access, alteration and disruption.
Robot controller
EN · Robot controller
Hardware and software unit managing robot movement and functions.
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